中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
手机APP弹窗关不掉?加力整治!****** 原标题:开展乱象整治专项行动,规范应用软件预置行为 手机APP弹窗关不掉?加力整治! 移动互联时代,即时通讯、网络视频、在线购物、新闻资讯等各类移动互联网应用程序(APP)在快速发展的同时也滋生了种种乱象。近日,有关部门接连出台相关举措,开展专项行动、印发联合通告,为APP领域的健康规范发展加码发力。 APP领域乱象时有发生 关不掉的弹窗广告、山寨APP以假乱真、未经同意强制捆绑下载、难以卸载的预置程序……眼下,APP领域乱象严重影响了用户体验。 弹窗广告是用户遭遇的普遍问题。“APP投放广告本身没问题,但现在打开APP都不敢动手机,因为有时候稍不注意晃一下手机,就跳进了‘摇一摇’广告。”网友“小花一朵”说。 此外,有些APP页面里“关不掉”的广告也实在令人糟心。不少网友表示遇到过“虚假关闭按钮”,本以为点了关闭,实际上还是跳转到了外部页面。 中国互联网络信息中心数据显示,截至2022年6月,中国市场上监测到的APP数量为232万款。海量的应用数量也给不少山寨APP带来了可乘之机。“有些山寨APP图标和正版APP十分相似,一不注意就容易下载错了,最终导致信息泄露甚至是经济损失。”网友“柒柒”说。 黑龙江哈尔滨银发网友吴淑琴说:“我们老年人使用智能手机本身就是一个学习的过程,很多操作都不熟悉,有些细微的操作也容易忽略,因此下载APP的时候更容易遭遇捆绑下载。没用的APP在手机里不仅侵占手机空间,还让手机越用越慢。” 一项针对手机预置软件的调查显示,62.21%的受访者反映手机预装软件数量多且占用内存,自己日常很少使用,会删除其中绝大部分。在预置软件数量方面,有些型号的手机在出厂时就已预置了多达56个应用程序。 业内人士认为,预置APP不仅让人眼花缭乱,大部分也缺乏实用价值。“删都删不掉”的预置APP背后实则是手机厂家和软件运营方的联合操作。 政策监管有新招 近日,为规范移动互联网应用程序信息服务管理,深入治理APP、小程序等应用程序乱象,进一步压实应用程序分发平台主体责任,促进行业健康有序发展,国家网信办部署开展“清朗·移动互联网应用程序领域乱象整治”专项行动。 此次专项行动加强移动互联网应用程序全链条管理,全面规范移动应用程序在搜索、下载、使用等环节的运营行为。其中,搜索查找环节将重点打击“山寨APP”、从严整治虚假排名、全面净化页面呈现、严格规范备案要求。在下载安装环节,将集中整治强制、捆绑下载安装;坚决惩处应用程序“挂羊头卖狗肉”规避监管;严厉打击以赚钱为诱饵诱导用户下载。针对运行使用环节,将集中治理弹窗问题、严格规范功能设置、严厉打击诱导充值。 据悉,此次专项行动将以加强分发平台规范管理为抓手,抓好重点平台,对问题突出的应用程序分发平台加大整治力度。 为进一步规范移动智能终端应用软件预置行为,保护用户权益,提升移动互联网应用服务供给水平,构建更加安全、更有活力的产业生态,促进移动互联网持续繁荣发展,工信部、国家网信办日前联合印发《关于进一步规范移动智能终端应用软件预置行为的通告》(简称《通告》),自2023年1月1日起执行。 《通告》明确,移动智能终端应用软件预置行为应遵循依法合规、用户至上、安全便捷、最小必要的原则,依据谁预置、谁负责的要求,落实企业主体责任,尊重并依法维护用户知情权、选择权,保障用户合法权益。生产企业应确保移动智能终端中除基本功能软件外的预置应用软件均可卸载,并提供安全便捷的卸载方式供用户选择。实现同一基本功能的预置应用软件,至多有一个可设置为不可卸载。 建立长效监管机制 针对APP领域的各类乱象,有关部门一直在持续升级监管。据统计,从2019年12月至2022年10月,工信部累计通报了26批关于侵害用户权益行为的APP,逐一列出详细问题,严格限期整改,并对未按要求完成整改的APP进行下架处理。 针对用户反映强烈的APP开屏弹窗信息“关不掉、乱跳转”问题,工信部在2021年全年累计开展12批次技术抽检,通报了1549款违规APP,下架了514款拒不整改的APP。 在涉诈风险提示方面,2022年11月以来,工信部反诈专班已在官方公众号上发布了20多期涉诈高风险APP名单,为广大网友提示了包括以山寨APP为代表的仿冒类诈骗以及彩票类诈骗、贷款类诈骗等多种APP涉诈类型。 经过多轮整治,APP行业乱象已有改观,但仍有部分软件运营方、分发平台通过“打擦边球”或是一些违规“新花招”逃避监管。 专家表示,APP行业的规范和监管需推动各方实现协同治理,建立长效机制。一方面,APP的运营、分发、使用涉及诸多环节,软件运营方需以用户为中心,依法依规安全经营;分发平台要加强审核把关,设立准入门槛;用户需加强自我保护意识,善用相关举报平台;监管部门则要严格监督,对相关乱象予以及时的指导和规范。另一方面,网络世界发展日新月异,APP领域的各类乱象也并非静止不变。因此,要在协同治理的基础上建立长效监管机制,既要抓落实防反弹,也要不断甄别和应对新乱象,促使APP领域真正实现健康规范的可持续发展。(徐嘉伟) 中国网客户端 国家重点新闻网站,9语种权威发布 |